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Duane Buck
Duane Edward Buck (born July 5, 1963) is an African-American man on death row following his conviction for the shooting deaths of his ex-girlfriend Debra Gardner and her friend Kenneth Butler. He also wounded his own sister, who was also at Gardner's home. His case has attracted extensive attention after Buck argued his right to a fair trial was violated when a psychologist testified that black people were statistically more likely to commit violence. In Texas, the jury must agree that the defendant poses a continuing threat to recommend a death sentence. At the sentencing hearing, prosecutor used the psychologist's statements to argue that risk of future violence. “You heard from Dr. Quijano, who had a lot of experience in the Texas Department of Corrections, who told you that there was a probability that the man would commit future acts of violence.”
He was scheduled to be executed on September 15, 2011, however, the Supreme Court of the United States granted a stay of the process.〔("Temporary stay granted for Texas death row inmate". ) ''CNN'', 9/15/2011.〕 The psychologist's assertion about black offenders has been the cornerstone of Buck's death penalty appeal; that his sentencing was racially biased. In 2000 Texas Attorney General John Cornyn recommended that six cases, including Buck's case, be reviewed for racially biased testimony. Buck's case was not reviewed; the other five cases were reviewed but all of those offenders were sentenced to death again because the testimony was found to be only a small part of each trial.〔Michael Graczyk. ("Duane Buck Case: U.S. Supreme Court Stays Execution Of Texas Inmate". ) ''The Huffington Post'', 9/15/11.〕
In response to Buck's case, the justices conceded that the testimony of Dr. Walter Quijano, "would provide a basis for reversal of () sentence if the prosecution were responsible for presenting that testimony to the jury." However, the witness was a defense witness and it was Buck's own attorney who elicited the correlation between race and future risk for criminal actions. Retired Justice John Paul Stevens commented that he believed the decision would be different if the prosecution presented the testimony. Sonia Sotomayor described Buck's death sentence as "marred by racial overtones" that "our criminal justice system should not tolerate." Sotomayor and Justice Elena Kagan dissented from the denial.〔
== Appeals ==
August 20, 2015 - The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit rejected hearing the question of race being allowed as a deciding factor for executing the guilty. The 5th denied a certificate of appealability because Buck did not show extraordinary circumstances. The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.(“LDF”) representing Mr. Buck will appeal the Fifth Circuit’s decision.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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